Evolution alternative should be taught

In a country that is becoming more secular, the thought of teaching Judeo-Christian creationism in public schools often seems ridiculous and outdated. As a former atheist, I once believed the assertion that God created the Earth in seven 24-hour periods to be as laughable as the long-discredited assertion that the Earth is flat.

There is certainly a great deal of evidence that can be interpreted to support evolution, and evolution itself is an inherently secular idea surrounded by no real legal qualms.

If one supports teaching creationism in public schools, however, he or she must prove that such teaching a) is both a desirable and constitutional educational goal and b) meets some minimum amount of scientific backing to even qualify it as discussion-worthy.

This column will discuss the constitutional and educational reasons why creationism should be taught alongside evolution, whereas next week’s column will discuss the hard science that makes creationism a plausible theory.

A 2004 Gallup Poll indicated that 45 percent of Americans held a Biblical view of creationism. When almost half our population believes in creationism, it can hardly be considered a fringe belief. Though popularity in no way correlates to truth (after all, majorities used to believe in a geocentric universe), when such a belief is that popular, it should at least earn the right to be discussed academically alongside evolution.

At the first mention of teaching creationism, opponents will undoubtedly yell “separation of church and state!” This knee-jerk reaction is inconsistent with the meaning of separation of church and state. Though this phrase can’t be found anywhere in the constitution, “separation of church and state” refers to the establishment and free exercise clauses of the First Amendment, which state, respectively, that “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or promoting the free exercise thereof.”

If the theory of creationism is to be taught in public schools, it should be presented as just that: a theory, and the same should be true of evolution. If creationism were presented as a theory, one could opt to follow if he or she judged the evidence to be sufficient, it would hardly violate the establishment clause. Presenting students with an option is a far cry from pressing unwanted religious beliefs upon them.

Even if these teachings lead some to start believing in a God-created earth, this hardly equates to a religious conversion. One can easily believe the Deist notion that God created the Earth, then stepped out of the picture. Ironically enough, the most famous Deist (Jefferson) was the very man who coined the phrase “separation of church and state.”

The creation versus evolution debate is one with great consequences on our lives. Though public-school students can certainly choose to reject evolution, their academic inquiry will likely stop there if they are not given the opposing theory to consider as well. Public schools should promote these debates that will affect our major life choices, not avoid them. By teaching evolution only, debate is avoided.

Political science classes are the perfect example of this. Professors present the merits and downfalls of both liberalism and conservatism without openly endorsing either, thus allowing students to draw their own conclusions.

Some might argue that if we are going to scientifically examine anything other than evolution, we should examine all religions’ origins accounts, yet with more than 100 different religions in America, this isn’t plausible. It makes most sense to examine the religions (Judaism and Christianity) that represent more than 80 percent of Americans today.

We already accept this type of majority catering in every other subject. Though public school gave me a cursory knowledge of Japanese history and culture, I was taught much more about American history simply because I, and the overwhelming majority of my classmates, had lived in America my entire life.

Some might also argue that it’s unnecessary for creationism to be taught in science classrooms because it’s already taught in church services and Sunday school. This method of teaching, however appropriate for the setting, only seeks to notify the students that the Earth was created in seven days, not why they should believe it.

Though collegiate religious studies classes may explore creation with a more objective and academic mindset than Sunday school classes, such classes still merely serve to match a religion with a belief. There is understandably no room in their syllabi for the type of inquiry into the natural sciences that might give such creation theories their oomph.

It is only in the science classroom, where students are forced to examine hard evidence from both sides, that they can take the debate seriously enough.

Whether the creationism theory can hold up in such a setting is the debate for next Monday. I’ll see you there.

Ben Friedman is a sophomore majoring in social entrepreneurship.

  • Gary Hurd, Ph.D.

    @Jimmy,

    The Answers in Genesis article regarding the evolution of new enzymatic function in E. coli has a very telling statement in the concluding section.

    “Richard Lenski and I are looking at the same evidence but drawing different conclusions based on our source of truth—man’s ideas or God’s ideas.”

    Georgia Purdom, the creationist, has exposed the reason that no creationism will ever be taught in American public schools. She has “looked” at Lenski’s research but not seen it. She will never see it because it is not in the Bible.

  • Jeb

    @Jimmy,

    I could live with the acknowledgement of alternative views to evolution in a science class, similar to what we do in political classes as you described. Just so long as we limited that acknowledgement to a very brief discussion and refrained from getting into a science vs. religion debate. I just don’t see how that would help anybody in the end. Besides, I’ve never met anybody that didn’t at least already know that that religious people have a different take on the origins of life so the gains of repeating this discussion in science class seems to be limited. Regardless, I could compromise with an acknowledgement of such alternative views.

    Regarding your concession that evolution is completely true in every way (just kidding), I would suggest you look back to science for the source of the creation of “anything.” Research is ongoing at this very moment and astronomers and physicists have been contemplating this for millennia. Philosophers have also been having this same debate and I’ve heard some interesting ideas over the years. Personally, I lump religious theories in with philosophy because neither have their foundation in scientific fact. I’m not trying to sound dismissive, I just consider it a completely different realm of academics and approach to answering life’s questions. Personally I’m a big fan of philosophy.

    Anyway, I agree that the question of the origins of the universe should be sought after but I keep that issue separate from evolution. I believe evolution is the start of life on Earth and how THAT started is a topic for another theory (although I believe it was most likely catalyzed by material carried by asteroids that pummeled into the Earth’s primordial soup). Where did that material come from you may ask? I would postulate that it came from the complex chemical reactions that occurs in such a high-energy/high-radiation environment that existed at the dawn of time. Okay, but enough about science… lets get back to religion.

    I’ve got a counter question that I saw another person pose earlier. If you say that the question of where matter came must be answered, then I must take your theory to the extreme. If a Creator had to exist in order for life to begin, then what had to exist in order for the Creator to be? Why is it acceptable for the Creator to come from nothing (or to have always existed) but unacceptable for matter?

    To answer your final question about where I think everything came from… thats a tough one. I don’t base this on much fact, aside from what I’ve read and combined here and there from philosophers, astronomers, and physicists… but I would lean towards the theory that the universe was created from the Big Bang, not once, but possibly many times over. I believe that the universe is expanding but at some point will start to contract until it folds in on itself and the Big Bang is repeated. You may call this “faith” if you want, but it isn’t something I’m exactly crossing my fingers about. It is just the most logical explanation I have heard yet that has been backed up by science. Is it fact? No. Does it make more sense to me than an unseen, all-knowing Creator? Yes.

  • Tyler

    @Jeb
    I like your take on where religion, if it were to be taught in school, would be grouped. I believe that religion and science can somewhat go hand in hand, but that is partly because they are entirely different subject matters altogether. About the big bang though… i thought the universe was expanding at an increasing rate. It is accelerating outward. Doesn’t that mean it will never contract back in upon itself? Maybe I am wrong idk. I am kind of skeptical about it. I gotta say I do admire your look on creation. You admit that the origin of matter cannot be proven or disproved and therefore neither can God. You just eliminate God as an unneeded belief for something greater than matter. I can definitely respect that although my personal beliefs do not agree.

    I am a Christian but I am definitely not for any part of religion to be taught in school for several reasons. First of all, many parents want to take on the responsibility of teaching their children their religion, and if it were taught in schools, it might not get taught the way the parents want. Other parents may not want their children to be taught that specific religion or any religion at all. And if you were to teach religion in a class (hopefully not a science class) you would have to teach every creation story from all of the major religions in the world. Otherwise, it is holding a group special above others (such as Christians if thats what creation story you are teaching) and that is not the equality that America was founded under. And I am not even gonna mention separation of church and state because there are so many other problems that could be addressed that you don’t even need to go there.

    Lets say that it were to work. I think it would only work if it was an optional class outside of the core criteria that is taught. Also, it would have to cover all major religions (unless you wanted a separate class for each religion). And lets be honest… what does that sound like? To me it sounds like a private school with religious motives. For those who want their children to learn about ANY religious matters at school, public school is not the answer. Enroll your kids in a private school or home school them.

  • Gary Hurd, Ph.D.

    I’ll look for Ben Friedman’s next installment.

  • Bret

    Let’s look deeper into ‘Lucy’. There were only four small fragments of skull found. So small that nobody could say what the animals’ head would look like. The scientist identified the animal as a female by one bone and said it was capable of standing on two legs because of the hip structure. But chimps have that same capability and structure. Some of the bones were found over 200 feet away and the bones were found at different depths in the ground. Boy, that is very convincing. An article in Pravda 2008 said, “Many experts are not convinced that ‘Lucy’ was an ape-man because they’re not convinced all of the bones belong to the same individual or even the same species. Many leading authorities have said that ‘Lucy’ is really an extenct ape.” So that ends ‘Lucy’.

    Now, evolution violates two laws. The Second Law Of Thermodynamics and Law of Biogenesis. These cannot be explained away.

    Now Dr. Colin Patterson stated in a letter to Luther Sunderland, “I fully agree with your comments on the lack of direct illustration of evolutionary transitions in my book. If I knew of any fossil or living, I would certainly have included them. You suggest that an artist should be used to visualize such transformations, but where would he get the information from?….Yet Gould and the American Museum people are hard to contradict when they say there are no transitional fossils….You say I should at least “show a photo of the fossil from which each type of organism was derived. I will lay it on the line – there is not one such fossil for which one could make a watertight argument.”

    Robert Wesson, “The gaps in the fossil record are real, however. The absence of a record of any important branching is quite phenomenal.” Eric Baptest, “We have no evidence at all that the tree of life is a reality.” Mark Pagel, “Paleobiologists flocked to these scientific visions of a world in a constant state of flux and admixture. But instead of finding the slow, smooth and progressive changes Lyell and Darwin had expected, they saw in the fossil records rapid bursts of change, new species appearing seemingly out of nowhere and then remaining unchanged for millions of years-patterns hauntingly reminiscent of creation.” Ernst Mayr said, “The discontinuites are even more striking in the fossil record. New species usually appear in the fossil record suddenly, not connected with their ancestors by a series of intermediates.” Robert Carroll said, “Despite more that a 100 years of intense collecting efforts since the time of Darwin’s death, the fossil record still does not yield the picture of infinitley numerous transitional links that he expected.” E. Colbert and M. Morales said, “There is no evidence of any Paleozoic amphibians combing the characteristics that would be expected in a single common ancestor. The oldest known frogs, salamanders, and caecilians are very similar to their living decendants.”

    Most of all don’t you think if there were any transitional fossils found that the atheists would be all over the TV, newspapers and magazines claiming that not only is Creation been destroyed but the Holy Bible has been proven wrong?

  • Gary Hurd, Ph.D.

    Again, the person called “Bret” offers nothing but fake “quotes” from sources they have never read.

    And then they expect this false witness will serve Christ.

    Bret, you might be in big trouble.

  • Bret

    @Gary
    Theses are not “fake” quotes. They are quotes that can be verified in letters, books and magazines. I notice you did not take on the two laws that evolution violates. Or even that atheists would be all over the TV, newspapers, magazines and internet saying that Creation and most religions are wrong, if there were any transitional fossils. I have intentionally not mentioned Intelligent Design or religion in my discussions. So why are you trying to bring religion in the discussion? I say again, I set out to prove Rick wrong. He said that evolution was a fact. I have proven that evolution, as being discussed in this article, is not a fact.

  • Hurp Durp

    Dear Bret,
    Please read others’ posts in full as they answer many of the questions you ask and arguments you make (or at least the ones in response to you, that would include this one). Also please cite whatever website you are getting your information from as the wild internet goose chase to find your sources is becoming tedious. Or, even better, post the original source (as a link).
    Now for Lucy. “The scientist identified the animal as a female by one bone” (you). Now the bone that was found that identified Lucy’s gender was the pelvic bone. The pelvic bone is the simplest identifier of gender in mammals. It is the best identifier because mammalian birth is from the vagina, which is located in the pelvis. Vaginal birth requires a wider pelvis which makes the gender of the pelvis easy to identify. Next you said “and said it was capable of standing on two legs because of the hip structure. But chimps have that same capability and structure” (you). No shit Sherlock. This backs the whole idea of transitional fossils that you seem so stuck on. From talkorgins (citation is on the page http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/lucy.html) “The humerofemoral ratio, or length of humerus divided by length of femur, is 84.6 for Lucy, compared to 71.8 for humans, and 97.8 and 101.6 for the two species of chimpanzee” . This evidence suggests that Lucy is somewhere in between a human and a chimpanzee, both of which can stand on two legs, but Lucy is not a chimpanzee due to the ratio. “Some bones were found 200 feet away” (you). Lucy is 3.2 million years old. The land has shifted and water has probably moved things in those 3.2 million years, both horizontally and vertically which would explain the distance and different depths. You cite Pravda. Do you know what Pravda is? If not I suggest you look it up on wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda). Tl;dr: It was the USSR’s leading paper until Yelstin shut it down in 1991 and now is a tabloid (like those in our grocery stores that claim Bush was probed anally by an alien, and Elvis is still alive, and your grandma is actually 800, not much journalistic integrity to be found here). The reason scientists are convinced that Lucy is all from one individual is that there are no duplicate bones which is exceedingly rare in fossil sites (http://iho.asu.edu/lucy.html#skeleton). (Notice the use of an .edu domain). Also who are the “experts” Pravda (a tabloid) cites, and who are your “leading authorities”?
    Ok now to the laws. I’ll be honest with you this part made me weep a little bit. First lets start with the second law of thermodynamics. It states “In any cyclic process the entropy will either increase or remain the same” (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/seclaw.html). This law rides on a “system is closed, it is complete in and of itself. There is no opening, no entrance, no exit”(http://www.uiweb.uidaho.edu/special-collections/papers/entropy.htm). Earth is not a closed system. The universe for example would be, however earth has openings, entries, and exits where entropy can be changed. So the second law is not applicable in Earth’s situation.
    You also cite the law of biogenesis. This is no longer used, scientific “laws” can be disproven or improved upon, much like Newton’s 3 laws of motion were improved upon by Einstein. Abiogenesis has supplemented the law of biogenesis due to evidence for the origin of life (look at the RNA experiment that James cited earlier in response to your question. It disproves the law of biogenesis).
    For your Patterson quote please look here: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/patterson.html.
    As for the rest of your quotes please provide your source as the tediousness is really getting to me.
    I do have point one out though. You quoted Robert Carrol saying “Despite more that a 100 years of intense collecting efforts since the time of Darwin’s death, the fossil record still does not yield the picture of infinitely numerous transitional links that he expected”. Darwin did not claim this. In the Origin of Species he said “We have no right to expect to find, in our geological formations, an infinite number of those fine transitional forms, which, on our theory, have connected all the past and present species of the same group into one long and branching chain of life (Origin of Species p. 448 http://books.google.com/books?id=t0jb8-O6efoC&pg=PA448&lpg=PA448&dq=darwin+infinite+transitional+origin+of+species&source=bl&ots=Dpd7sMKJWv&sig=VxUkN01_mnElXZlXtV_BWzP6L2Q&hl=en&ei=iEPKTPGgDYXGlQe-v9idAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false). Even if Darwin did say that he is allowed to be wrong about certain aspects. He is not infallible, however his Evolution framework has stood the test of time and allowed great advances in the field of science.
    You also quoted Pagel saying “…new species appearing seemingly out of nowhere and then remaining unchanged for millions of years-patterns hauntingly reminiscent of creation”. How is new species appearing out of nowhere reminiscent of creation? Correct if I’m wrong but the creation story has the creation of all animals at the same time, which wouldn’t allow a new species to “appear out of nowhere”.
    Every time a very significant transitional fossil is discovered, you hear about it if you go to a source that actually pays attention to science (like this one http://www.sciencemag.org/). Scientists don’t care about your religion it has no impact on their work which is why they don’t go out on tv, or appear in your newspapers or magazines to tell you how wrong the creation story and the bible are (obviously some exceptions exist like Dawkins).

    I’m guessing the reason Gary didn’t respond to your ideas is because they so ridiculous that he didn’t see the point.

  • Herp Derp

    Dear Bret,

    Please read others’ posts in full as they answer many of the questions you ask and arguments
    you make (or at least the ones in response to you, that would include this one). Also please cite
    whatever website you are getting your information from as the wild internet goose chase to find
    your sources is becoming tedious. Or, even better, post the original source (as a link).

    Now for Lucy. “The scientist identified the animal as a female by one bone” (you). Now the
    bone that was found that identified Lucy’s gender was the pelvic bone. The pelvic bone is the
    simplest identifier of gender in mammals. It is the best identifier because mammalian birth is
    from the vagina, which is located in the pelvis. Vaginal birth requires a wider pelvis which
    makes the gender of the pelvis easy to identify. Next you said “and said it was capable of
    standing on two legs because of the hip structure. But chimps have that same capability and
    structure” (you). No shit Sherlock. This backs the whole idea of transitional fossils that you
    seem so stuck on. From talkorgins (citation is on the page http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/homs/
    lucy.html) “The humerofemoral ratio, or length of humerus divided by length of femur, is 84.6
    for Lucy, compared to 71.8 for humans, and 97.8 and 101.6 for the two species of chimpanzee” .
    This evidence suggests that Lucy is somewhere in between a human and a chimpanzee, both of
    which can stand on two legs, but Lucy is not a chimpanzee due to the ratio. “Some bones were
    found 200 feet away” (you). Lucy is 3.2 million years old. The land has shifted and water has
    probably moved things in those 3.2 million years, both horizontally and vertically which would
    explain the distance and different depths. You cite Pravda. Do you know what Pravda is? If not
    I suggest you look it up on wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pravda). Tl;dr: It was the
    USSR’s leading paper until Yelstin shut it down in 1991 and now is a tabloid (like those in our
    grocery stores that claim Bush was probed anally by an alien, and Elvis is still alive, and your
    grandma is actually 800, not much journalistic integrity to be found here). The reason scientists
    are convinced that Lucy is all from one individual is that there are no duplicate bones which
    is exceedingly rare in fossil sites (http://iho.asu.edu/lucy.html#skeleton). (Notice the use of
    an .edu domain). Also who are the “experts” Pravda (a tabloid) cites, and who are your “leading
    authorities”?

    Ok now to the laws. I’ll be honest with you this part made me weep a little bit. First lets start
    with the second law of thermodynamics. It states “In any cyclic process the entropy will either
    increase or remain the same” (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/seclaw.html).
    This law rides on a “system is closed, it is complete in and of itself. There is no opening, no
    entrance, no exit”(http://www.uiweb.uidaho.edu/special-collections/papers/entropy.htm). Earth
    is not a closed system. The universe for example would be, however earth has openings, entries,
    and exits where entropy can be changed. So the second law is not applicable in Earth’s situation.

    You also cite the law of biogenesis. This is no longer used, scientific “laws” can be disproven
    or improved upon, much like Newton’s 3 laws of motion were improved upon by Einstein.
    Abiogenesis has supplemented the law of biogenesis due to evidence for the origin of life (look

    at the RNA experiment that James cited earlier in response to your question. It disproves the law
    of biogenesis).

    For your Patterson quote please look here: http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/patterson.html.

    As for the rest of your quotes please provide your source as the tediousness is really getting to
    me.

    I do have point one out though. You quoted Robert Carrol saying “Despite more that a 100 years
    of intense collecting efforts since the time of Darwin’s death, the fossil record still does not yield
    the picture of infinitely numerous transitional links that he expected”. Darwin did not claim this.
    In the Origin of Species he said “We have no right to expect to find, in our geological formations,
    an infinite number of those fine transitional forms, which, on our theory, have connected all the
    past and present species of the same group into one long and branching chain of life (Origin of
    Species p. 448 http://books.google.com/books?id=t0jb8-
    O6efoC&pg=PA448&lpg=PA448&dq=darwin+infinite+transitional+origin+of+species&source=
    bl&ots=Dpd7sMKJWv&sig=VxUkN01_mnElXZlXtV_BWzP6L2Q&hl=en&ei=iEPKTPGgDYX
    GlQe-
    v9idAQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBMQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&
    f=false). Even if Darwin did say that he is allowed to be wrong about certain aspects. He is not
    infallible, however his Evolution framework has stood the test of time and allowed great
    advances in the field of science.

    You also quoted Pagel saying “…new species appearing seemingly out of nowhere and then
    remaining unchanged for millions of years-patterns hauntingly reminiscent of creation”. How
    is new species appearing out of nowhere reminiscent of creation? Correct if I’m wrong but the
    creation story has the creation of all animals at the same time, which wouldn’t allow a new
    species to “appear out of nowhere”.

    Every time a very significant transitional fossil is discovered, you hear about it if you go to
    a source that actually pays attention to science (like this one http://www.sciencemag.org/).
    Scientists don’t care about your religion it has no impact on their work which is why they don’t
    go out on tv, or appear in your newspapers or magazines to tell you how wrong the creation story
    and the bible are (obviously some exceptions exist like Dawkins).

  • Bret

    @ Derp
    What a bunch of bologna. From your start to finish. First, get off talkorigins.com. It’s trash. Then why don’t scientists just mix bones from different species to confirm their assumptions? Even the fossil record in the ground is all mixed up. The Second Law of Thermodynamics applies to all systems, open or closed, and to all actions and chemical reactions, from molecules to galaxies. There are NO transitional fossils! Lucy, if even real, isn’t a transitional fossil and scientists agree that Lucy is not a transitional fossil. Where is the fish with feet? Where is the rat that is half way to a dog? There are no fossils of a species in the process of changing into another species. Where are the species changing into another species today? Or in the past three thousand years of human records? It does not happen!!!! Are all the animal species of today the best that they can be?

    Researchers say that by the year 2020, that one out of every three humans will have diabeties. Is this evolution? If it is I thought evolution improved a species? You see, the problem with trying to prove evolution, one species changing into a different species, is DNA and genes. There are only so many sequences DNA can take. And DNA has a built in repairing ability. When DNA mutates another DNA comes in and corrects the mutation or kills it. When a mutation does survive it usually kills the organism or dosn’t make it to the next generation. And don’t say monkeys and apes are very close to humans. Close only counts in horseshoes and hand granades. Humans cannot breed with monkeys or apes because we are not compatable. Horses can breed with donkeys but the off-spring is sterile. Now that is close. So evolutionists biggest problem is the make-up of cells. Scientists can’t replicate them with chemicals in the lab and they can’t change them to make one species change into another species. For a scientific theory to become fact it has to be reprducible and scientists can’t reproduce evolution.

  • Brandon

    @Bret
    1. “The Second Law of Thermodynamics applies to all systems, open or closed, and to all actions and chemical reactions, from molecules to galaxies.”

    The Second Law applies to closed systems. Living organisms are open systems. Not applicable.

    2. “There are NO transitional fossils!”

    I honestly have no idea how you can make this ridiculous statement. I’m not one to reference Wikipedia to prove a point, but this is really something that a high school biology course should have taken care of.

    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_transitional_fossils

    3. “Where are the species changing into another species today?…Or in the past three thousand years of human records?”

    Understand that macro-evolution occurs on a time-scale that our brains were not really meant to operate on. Micro-evolution, on the other hand, is readily verifiable. You have to look no further than current publishings to find all the cases you need to close the book on any doubts you may have.

    http://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/20/science/20adapt.html
    http://myxo.css.msu.edu/ecoli/citrate2008/
    http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10476962

  • Bret

    @Herp
    Now as to your point of God creating all the animals at the same time. Do you know how long a day is to God? I don’t. There is no recording of how long a day is to God. Is it a day, year, 100 years, 1 millions years, etc.? Do you think God used the Mayan Calender? So it is easily explained how some animals didn’t live during the same time as other animals.

  • Bret

    @ Brandon
    1. The laws of themodynamics and entropy are defined in trems of isolated systems, because that is the simplest way to express them. A procedure called the Legendre Transform mathematically converts entropy to a variable called Gibbs free energy that is useful for working with real-world systems. For example, even though a bacterium is an open system, modeling it as a closed system makes it easier to understand chemical reactions in it. Evolutionists believe that all we need is an open system with sufficient energy flowing into it for evolution to succeed. If that were so, you could just stand behind a jet engine as the aircraft perpares for takeoff, absorb that blast of energy, and evolve to a higher life form.

    2. I can’t believe people still use wikipedia!! There are no transitional fossils!
    These have been proven false.

    3. Nobody is disputing microevolution. But macroevolution is a fantasy. Let’s look at bacteria. There is much variation in bacteria. There are many mutations. But they never turn into anything new. They always remain bacteria. Fruit flies are more complex than bacteria. In the lab, fruit flies are studied under every conceivable condition. There is much variation in fruit flies. There are many mutations. But they never turn into anything new. They always remain fruit fies.

    Let’s take breeders of animals and plants. Whenever variation is pushed to extremes by selective breeding the line becomes sterile and dies out. And as one characteristic increases, others diminish. Do a little studying of DNA and RNA. DNA has mechanisms of repairing or destroying and replacing mutated DNA strands.

  • Peter Zachos

    Bret,

    Evolution is variation in allele frequency in a population over time. Pointing a jet engine blast towards a population wouldn’t have much effect unless the organism was small enough that the force from a jet engine blast would kill it. Then you simply would wipe out that population. Over time, populations of such an organism would tend not to form in areas where there is consistent jet engine blasts. Outside of that, your jet engine analogy is third-grade level.

    All fossils are transitional, because all fossils represent a static moment in time. Since there are ancestors, and descendants, of the fossil in question, it is transitional. WE are transitional, from early hominids to whatever our species will typify in several hundred thousand years. Even the last fossil of a failed evolutionary line, say the Dodo bird, is a transitional fossil from its original taxa that it split from.

    Evolutionary theory has never nor will ever predict that bacteria can be viewed under a microscope while actually changing into a new Order, Phylum, Family or Taxa of organism. In fact, should you ever actually see a crocodile turn into a duck or vice versa, this would be stunning evidence AGAINST evolution, since it defies and negates all the necessary mechanisms that evolution contains.

    If you had even a fundamental understanding of science, you would know that evolutionary theory explains variations in allele frequency in populations, not in individual specimens. Thus, no individual specimen will ever “turn into” anything else. Science has never said this, implied it, nor proposed it. You are 100% wrong in that assertion.

  • Bret

    @Peter
    Your late to the dance and your debating the wrong subject. We are debating macroevolution. Not microevolution. In macroevolution there are NO transitional fossils. And the jet engine example is simple so everybody can understand the fallacy of macroevolution.

  • David the radical leftist

    @Bret

    Well if there’s no such thing as macroevolution, where do I come from?

  • Bret

    @David
    God created man.

  • Tyler

    @Bret
    Maybe He did. But you don’t know how He did it. He could have set evolution in motion and guided it along the way. Don’t pretend like you know how God works. He could have very well created the process of evolution for all you know.

  • Tyler

    @Bret
    By the way, your argument about the second law of thermodynamics is foolish. I have taken Thermodynamics I, Thermodynamics II, and Thermal Power Systems.

    “Evolutionists believe that all we need is an open system with sufficient energy flowing into it for evolution to succeed. If that were so, you could just stand behind a jet engine as the aircraft perpares for takeoff, absorb that blast of energy, and evolve to a higher life form”

    So you are saying that animals and plants can absorb heat energy, and that’s how they sustain themselves? Animals get their energy from food and water. Plants get theirs from sunlight and water. They can’t get it any other way. Why would you even come up with such a ridiculous example?

  • Bret

    @Tyler
    The Bible says that God created man out of the dirt of the earth and made man in His own image. No macroevolution.

    All the jet engine is doing is adding energy. Therefore by evolution, the person should change into a higher life form. But as we know the person would be burned up.

    The Second Law prohibits any functioning biological mechanism from falling together by pure chance, without assistance or plan using only the properties of matter. Another good example is putting food in your ear. It does not work. Food has to go into your mouth, into your stomach to be digested so you can live and grow. A mechanism is in place for the conversion of energy. Evolution does not have a mechanism to change DNA, RNA or proteins. Without these changes plant and animals cannot jump from one species to another. Therefore no macroevolution.

  • Anonymous

    You write:
    “Most of all don’t you think if there were any transitional fossils found that the atheists would be all over the TV, newspapers and magazines claiming that not only is Creation been destroyed but the Holy Bible has been proven wrong?”
    The Bible pretty much has been proven wrong.

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